Hi, Savas!
I can explain to you some of the differences between associated tabular sections and separated catalogs.
Actually these are the physical tables in the database. For tabular sections 1C:platform performs a transparent link between these tables "one to many". If you use the separated catalog you need to create a link between the catalogs through some attributes.
But.
When should we use separated catalogs and when associated tabular sections?
Pls, answer the question: do you need to create permalink between parent catalog and each (!) related item?
If you answer "yes", you need to use separated catalogs and link to the parent catalog through the attributes (or owner). If you use tabular sections, rows in the section couldn't have the permalink to the parent catalog, because they could be mixed inside tabular section at any time (the number of row in the tabular section might be changed by the user or algorithm).